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OMICRON Points to the Minions of Fauci, US CDC, Gates, Wellcome-British Intel, Rockefeller in South Africa and much more.

Botswana, Omicron and the Fully Vaccinated

According to Botswana, four fully vaccinated foreign diplomats entered the country on November 7th, 2021 and tested positive for Covid-19 on November 11th, as they were leaving. The WHO says Omicron was found in South Africa on November 9th. While the two news releases from Botswana make clear that all four cases were vaccinated, this is being spun as reason for more (forced) vaccination. In September and October in Ireland, 46% of those admitted to ICU (Intensive Care Units) were vaccinated, according to the Irish government. Over 90% of Ireland is vaccinated. So, not only do the Covid vaccines fail to protect against Covid, but vaccinated people are getting serious enough infections to be in Intensive Care. https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/br/b-cdc/covid-19deathsandcasesseries36 The Government of Botswana is a partner to British Mining company De Beers through Debswana. Botswana Omicron cases were fully vaccinated for COVID-19 https://archive.vn/tBtoB Botswana was blamed because it was too boring to keep blaming South Africa?

Omicron and South Africa: South Asian Jinal Bhiman and Brazilian Tulio de Oliveira

Researchers in South Africa have claimed to discover several new variants of Covid-19 over the course of the last year. So, there seems to always be one available to create panic and/or diversion. It allows the researchers to do a shakedown for more money, too. Less than two months before Omicron was announced there was this headline about another Covid variant: “What is C.1.2, the new Covid variant in South Africa, and should we be worried? The C.1.2 strain has scientists’ attention because it possesses mutations within the genome similar to those seen in variants of interest, like Delta” by Melissa Davey, 31 Aug 2021 https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/aug/31/what-is-c12-the-new-covid-variant-in-south-africa-and-should-we-be-worried

Central to this story appear to be Jinal Bhiman, of South Asian ancestry, and Brazilian Tulio de Oliveira. She may or many not be a multigenerational South African. He is not.

“Jinal Bhiman, principal medical scientist at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa, which was the first country to report the new variant to the World Health Organization”. https://newsflash.one/2021/11/27/companies-begin-testing-their-vaccines-against-new-omicron-variant/

Jinal Bhiman’s Fauci Connection

Jinal Bhiman did AIDS antibodies research “with the help of collaborators at NIH’s Vaccine Research Center”. NIH Vaccine Research Center is under Fauci (NIAID). See: “Multigenerational research in South Africa leads to HIV discoveries” January / February 2018 | Volume 17, Number 1 January / February 2018 Global Health Matters newsletter https://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/january-february-2018/Pages/multigenerational-research-hiv-discoveries.aspx “the VRC is now part of the NIAID organization. The mission of the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) is to conduct research that facilitates the development of effective vaccines for human disease.” https://www.niaid.nih.gov/about/vrc “The John E. Fogarty International Center was founded in 1968 by US President Lyndon Johnson at the National Institutes of Health to support international medical and behavioral research and to train international researchers.” Notice BEHAVIORAL research. Trump proposed to eliminate Fogarty Center and save the US taxpayer-debt $69 million. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Fogarty_International_Center https://www.fic.nih.gov
More on Jinal Bhiman and her connections: https://za.linkedin.com/in/jinal-bhiman-705275104

US CDC, Gates Foundation, British Government, Wellcome Trust-British Intel; Rockefeller Foundation; Chan-Zuckerberg, Max Planck Society, Chinese Academy of Science, Nazis and WHO

Currently Jinal Bhiman’s funding includes the US CDC, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; the UK Gov, the UK Gov’s Fleming Fund, and Wellcome Trust. Jinal Bhiman is an “observer” to WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on Viral Evolution.

The four other connections seem to be indirect through the Wellcome Board, but worth noting.

There are other important connections, but we leave that for other people or for another day.

Brazilian transplant to South Africa, Tulio de Oliveira was an EC Marie Curie Research Fellow in England (U of Oxford) from 2004-2006 and a Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Fellow in Scotland (U. of Edinburgh) from 2015-2019. “He was the Director of the Genomics Program at the Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies and an Affiliate Senior Lecturer at the Division of Infection and Immunity at the University College London (UCL) from 2009 to 2016”. He became a professor at UKZN in South Africa and founded KRISP and somehow is also a professor affiliated with 2018 Gates Foundation endowed Global Health at the University of Washington, Seattle,
http://web.archive.org/web/20210327063658/https://www.krisp.org.za/people.php?fullName=de%20Oliveira%20T He’s getting funding from the South African Medical Research Council for a “Network for Genomic Surveillance in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), focusing on COVID genomic surveillance across all five nations. De Oliveira will be the principal investigator of this network. In addition, a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation will help fund genomics labs to produce over 10 000 COVID genomes for over ten African countries. CERI will also be receiving 100 fellows from African countries, who will be trained in the production and analysis of COVID genomic data…” See: “Renowned bioinformatician joins forces with Stellenbosch University in fight against pandemics”, 3 Sept. 2021: https://archive.vn/WVxPn
WTF? So, Tulio “identify” the new variant?

Wellcome-British Intel-Max Planck-Chan Zuckerberg-Chinese Academy of Science-Nazis-Robert Maxwell Connection

The head of the Wellcome Board, until last April (2021), was the former head of British Intel (MI5) Eliza Manningham-Buller. Up until at least August 2021, Tobias Bonhoeffer was on the board. According to Wellcome: “Tobias served for more than 20 years as department head at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology and later also as Chair of the Biomedical Section of the Max Planck Society. He has been a member of the scientific advisory boards of numerous leading institutions, including the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, the ETH Zurich, the Janelia Farm Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.” http://web.archive.org/web/20210818161353/https://wellcome.org/who-we-are/governance/board-governors And, yes, he is sadly the great-nephew of theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer. And, a good reminder that Dietrich took after his mother’s side (Von Hase) who were theologians. Dietrich’s father, Karl, and older brother, Karl Friedrich, apparently worshipped science and considered themselves agnostics. Tobias appears to be like them. Tobias’ grandfather and Dietrich’s older brother, Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer, features in “The Scientific World of Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer: The Entanglement of Science, Religion, and Politics in Nazi Germany”, 2019, by Kathleen L. Housley. Housley notes that Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer had scientific colleagues who were involved in developing Hitler’s nuclear bomb and was consulted by them. He allegedly gave information to German publisher Paul Rosbaud, who allegedly worked with British Intelligence. To make things stranger, after the war, Paul Rosbaud set up Pergamon publishing house with Ghislaine Maxwell’s father, Robert Maxwell. Omicron is providing a distraction from Ghislaine’s trial this week. Housley notes that there is no proof of Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer’s connection to British Intel, because the British gov is sitting on the Paul Rosbaud files. Furthermore, she points to the big problem of German scientists working hard to hide their roles in research that benefitted the Nazis. Regardless, the work and connections of Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer’s grandson, Tobias Bonhoeffer, should alarm everyone.

The South Africa Based Coronavirus Hunters Keep Finding Variants & Their Funding

“The hunt for coronavirus variants: how the new one was found and what we know so far” November 26, 2021 10.17am GMT Updated November 27, 2021 8.59am GMT “Since early in the COVID pandemic, the Network for Genomics Surveillance in South Africa has been monitoring changes in SARS-CoV-2. This was a valuable tool to understand better how the virus spread. In late 2020, the network detected a new virus lineage, 501Y.V2, which later became known as the beta variant. Now a new SARS-CoV-2 variant has been identified – B.1.1.529. The World Health Organisation has declared it a variant of concern, and assigned it the name Omicron. To help us understand more, The Conversation Africa’s Ozayr Patel asked scientists to share what they know…” The article may be read here: https://theconversation.com/the-hunt-for-coronavirus-variants-how-the-new-one-was-found-and-what-we-know-so-far-172692

More important than the articles are the declarations by the authors of interest-funding:

“Prof. Wolfgang Preiser receives funding from the South African Medical Research Council, the National Health Laboratory Service Research Trust and the Poliomyelitis Research Foundation.

Jinal Bhiman receives funding from the South African National Department of Health as part of the emergency COVID-19 response; a cooperative agreement between the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the African Society of Laboratory Medicine (ASLM) and Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through a sub-award from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome; the South African Medical Research Council and the South African Department of Science and Innovation; the UK Department of Health and Social Care, managed by the Fleming Fund and performed under the auspices of the SEQAFRICA project. She is affiliated with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases and the University of the Witwatersrand; and serves as an observer of the World Health Organization Technical Advisory Group on Viral Evolution.

Marietjie Venter receives funding from the National Research Foundation of South Africa;The European Union (LEAP-Agri) program; The BMBF (the German Federal ministry for education and Research); and National Health Laboratory Services research foundation for unrelated research. She is currently employed by the University of Pretoria. She has acted as temporary advisor for the WHO. The views expressed here is that of the author and do not reflect those of the funders or employer.

Tulio de Oliveira does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. It is supported by funding from the South African Medical Research Council and the Department of Science and Innovation.” http://web.archive.org/web/20211128125150/https://theconversation.com/the-hunt-for-coronavirus-variants-how-the-new-one-was-found-and-what-we-know-so-far-172692

What Tulio de Oliveira says is false. Contrary to what the article says, Tulio’s employment appears largely dependent upon Covid-19 funding. Funding seems to be driven by fear-mongering (aka “shakedown”). He’s been trying to drum up funding in the context of omicron, including via tweets (“shakedown”).

The expert, who according to this article, “broke news of new Covid-19 variant” is Brazilian Tulio de Oliveira: “Omicron: The world should support SA and not discriminate or isolate it, says expert who broke news of new Covid-19 variant” By Se-Anne Rall Nov 27, 2021 https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/omicron-the-world-should-support-sa-and-not-discriminate-or-isolate-it-says-expert-who-broke-news-of-new-covid-19-variant-d1aa7a6d-21dd-4763-93d4-d21fd5957c61

The mining companies need to give support to the South African people, and the Guptas should give any and all stolen money back to South Africa.

The world is giving too much money to South Africa, which is being spent in all the wrong ways – like supporting Tulio de Oliveira, Jinal Bhiman and their ilk. It is possible that Bhiman-de Oliveira are really deluded into believing that they are doing something good, so we hesitate to call them evil. They may simply be so narrow in focus that they see nothing else.

They were already discussing this new variant in South Africa on November 24th (See Tulio at 10 minutes to the end: “Health Department briefs media about a new so-called super-variant” https://youtu.be/b4aTIoZDQk4 )

Wellcome Trust not only is reportedly connected to the pharmaceutical industry, but the chair, until recently, was the former head of British Intelligence (MI5).
https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Wellcome_Trust
http://web.archive.org/web/20210517072301/https://wellcome.org/who-we-are/governance/board-governors

“Covid-19, trust, and Wellcome: how charity’s pharma investments overlap with its research efforts” BMJ 2021; 372 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n556 (Published 03 March 2021) Cite this as: BMJ 2021;372:n556 https://web.archive.org/web/20210320113021/https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n556

One of Tulio’s many academic gigs is endowed by Gates: “Through a generous gift and endowment from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and complementary Washington State resources, the UW Department of Global Health was established in 2007, bridging the schools of Medicine and Public Health, with a mandate to harness the expertise and interdisciplinary power of all 16 UW schools and colleges.”
http://web.archive.org/web/20211104145509/https://globalhealth.washington.edu/about-us/who-we-are

“Unfortunately we have detected a new variant, which is a reason for concern in South Africa,” virologist Tulio de Oliveira told a hastily called news conference…. The variant has also been detected in Botswana and Hong Kong among travellers from South Africa, de Oliveira added.” See: “South Africa detects new Covid variant with many mutations” Friday, 26 Nov 2021 08:49 AM MYT https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2021/11/26/south-africa-detects-new-covid-variant-with-many-mutations/2023802 Thank you Malay Mail for drawing our attention to Tulio de Oliveira!

Tulio’s Biographies Followed By Articles on Earlier South African Covid-19 “Variants”- Research Funding

“Prof. Tulio de Oliveira received his BSc at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil and MSc/PhD at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, South Africa. He has been awarded two prestigious fellowships, a European Commission Marie Curie Research Fellow at the University of Oxford, U.K. from 2004-2006 and a U.K. Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and University of Edinburgh from 2015-2019. He was the Director of the Genomics Program at the Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies and an Affiliate Senior Lecturer at the Division of Infection and Immunity at the University College London (UCL) from 2009 to 2016. In 2015, he was promoted to Professor at UKZN and in 2017, founded KRISP at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, South Africa.” (Current bio) Slightly different March Bio: “Prof. Tulio de Oliveira is the director of KRISP. He has received his BSc at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil and MSc/PhD at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, South Africa. He was a Marie Curie Research Fellow at the University of Oxford, U.K. from 2004 to 2006 and a Newton Advanced Fellow at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) and at the University of Edinburgh from 2015-2019. In 2015, he became a Professor at UKZN and in 2018 an Associate Professor on Global Health at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Prof. de Oliveira has worked for over 20 years with viral outbreaks, including HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Chikungunya, Dengue, SARS-CoV-2, Zika and Yellow Fever Virus. Prof. de Oliveira has more than 150 publications, with many of them in, the top scientific journals, Nature, Science and Lancet. KRISP boasts state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and scientific expertise and capacity not commonly found in Africa. This places our multidisciplinary team in the ideal position of being able to play a critical role in supporting the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our scientific activities are receiving extensive media coverage in the national and international media.
Current Affiliations:
Director: KRISP – KwaZulu-Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform, UKZN, Durban, South Africa.
Professor – College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa.
Affiliate Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, US.
Senior Research Associate, Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.
Vice-President: South African Society for Bioinformatics (SASBi).
http://web.archive.org/web/20210327063658/https://www.krisp.org.za/people.php?fullName=de%20Oliveira%20T So, did this guy “identify” the new variant?

Bio from the University of Washington, Gates endowed Global Health:
“TULIO DE OLIVEIRA
Affiliate Professor, Global Health
BIOGRAPHY 
Prof. Tulio de Oliveira received his BSc at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil and MSc/PhD at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, South Africa. He has been awarded two prestigious fellowships, a European Commission Marie Curie Research Fellow at the University of Oxford, U.K. from 2004-2006 and a U.K. Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and University of Edinburgh from 2015-2019. He was the Director of the Genomics Program at the Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies and an Affiliate Senior Lecturer at the Division of Infection and Immunity at the University College London (UCL) from 2009 to 2016. In 2015, he was promoted to Professor at UKZN and in 2017, founded KRISP at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, South Africa. KRISP aims to create a scientific environment in Africa that delivers high level science, creates innovations and reverses the brain drain. KRISP researchers have published 13 manuscripts in Science, Nature and Lancet journals in the first two years of operation! He have also trained > 2000 individuals in scientific skills in Africa”.
http://web.archive.org/web/20211127015909/https://globalhealth.washington.edu/faculty/tulio-de-oliveira
If they want to reverse the “brain drain” then why are they hiring a white Brazilian instead of an African?

According to Stellenbosch University news, 3 Sept. 2021:
Tulio de Oliveira is a “bioinformatician who identified a new variant of COVID-19 in South Africa in December 2020” and “set up a new institute at Stellenbosch University (SU) aimed at understanding and controlling epidemics and pandemics in Africa and the global south.” He did (or is doing) this “in his capacity as professor of Bioinformatics at SU’s School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, a position he was appointed to on 1 July 2021…. Prof De Oliveira is the director of the KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). He will remain in his position at KRISP, as SU and UKZN are discussing joining forces in the new institute. The state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and scientific expertise and capacity of both KRISP and SU will enable the new institute’s multidisciplinary team to play a critical role in supporting the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic…. Prof De Oliveira has been studying viral outbreaks such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, chikungunya, dengue, SARS-CoV-2, Zika and yellow fever for over 20 years. He has produced more than 200 publications, including over 30 in top scientific journals such as Nature, Science, NEJM and Lancet. His identification of a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa – 501Y.V2, also known as the Beta variant – led to the discovery of new variants across the world and has improved scientists’ understanding of the effectiveness of vaccines./ According to Prof De Oliveira, the new institute – provisionally named the Centre for Epidemic Research, Response and Innovation (CERI) – has already secured two significant grants to help facilitate “a high level of science”. A grant from the South African Medical Research Council will fund the Network for Genomic Surveillance in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), focusing on COVID genomic surveillance across all five nations. De Oliveira will be the principal investigator of this network.
In addition, a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation will help fund genomics labs to produce over 10 000 COVID genomes for over ten African countries. CERI will also be receiving 100 fellows from African countries, who will be trained in the production and analysis of COVID genomic data…
Prof Tulio de Oliveira’s academic and professional background
Prof Tulio de Oliveira obtained his BSc at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil, and his MSc/PhD at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN. He was a Marie Curie research fellow at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2006, and a Newton advanced fellow at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Edinburgh from 2015 to 2019. In 2015, he became a professor at UKZN and, in 2018, an associate professor of Global Health at the University of Washington, Seattle, United States”.
“Renowned bioinformatician joins forces with Stellenbosch University in fight against pandemics” , 3 Sept. 2021: https://archive.vn/WVxPn

“Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool for rapid identification and characterization of novel coronavirus genomes” by Sara Cleemput, Wim Dumon, Vagner Fonseca, Wasim Abdool Karim, Marta Giovanetti, Luiz Carlos Alcantara, Koen Deforche, Tulio de Oliveira Bioinformatics, Volume 36, Issue 11, June 2020, Pages 3552–3555, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa145
Received: 31 January 2020
Revision received: 21 February 2020
Accepted: 25 February 2020
Published: 28 February 2020
Research reported in this publication was supported by a research Flagship grant from the South African Medical Research Council (MRC-RFA-UFSP-01-2013/UKZN HIVEPI), the VIROGENESIS project, which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (under Grant Agreement no. 634650) and the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U24HG006941. H3ABioNet is an initiative of the Human Health and Heredity in Africa Consortium (H3Africa). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Conflict of Interest: Emweb bv is the company that makes the Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool online available. S.C. is employee of emweb bv. K.D. and W.D. are directors and owners of emweb bv. This company has allowed the coronavirus typing tool to freely available on the web.”https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/36/11/3552/5766118

http://web.archive.org/web/20211129135016/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/11/coronavirus-variant-discovery-omicron-health/

http://web.archive.org/web/20211128125150/https://theconversation.com/the-hunt-for-coronavirus-variants-how-the-new-one-was-found-and-what-we-know-so-far-172692

“What is C.1.2, the new Covid variant in South Africa, and should we be worried?
The C.1.2 strain has scientists’ attention because it possesses mutations within the genome similar to those seen in variants of interest, like Delta Melissa Davey Medical editor @MelissaLDavey Tue 31 Aug 2021 06.01 BST
Last modified on Wed 1 Sep 2021 00.58 BST A new Covid variant detected in South Africa has made headlines around the world.

On Monday the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa issued an alert about the “C.1.2 lineage”, saying it had been detected in all provinces in the country, but at a relatively low rate.

C.1.2 was first detected in May, the alert said, but Delta is still the dominant variant spreading in South Africa and the world. A pre-print, non peer-reviewed paper published about the variant said C.1.2 “has since been detected across the majority of the provinces in South Africa and in seven other countries spanning Africa, Europe, Asia and Oceania”.
The C.1.2 lineage has drawn the attention of scientists because despite its low rate in the population, it possesses mutations within the genome similar to those seen in variants of interest and variants of concern, like the Delta variant, as well as some additional mutations.
So what do we know about the new variant, and how concerned should we be?

Has the World Health Organization listed it as a variant of interest or concern? Not yet. The National Institute for Communicable Diseases is continuing to monitor the frequency of C.1.2 and examine how it behaves. Tests to assess the impact of the mutations it possesses on infectiousness and vaccine resistance are still under way. So far, the virus has not fulfilled the WHO criteria to qualify as a “variant of concern” or “variant of interest”….” See: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/aug/31/what-is-c12-the-new-covid-variant-in-south-africa-and-should-we-be-worried

“Emergence and phenotypic characterization of C.1.2, a globally detected lineage that rapidly accumulated mutations of concern
By Cathrine Scheepers#*1,2, Josie Everatt#1, Daniel G. Amoako1, Houriiyah Tegally3, Constantinos Kurt Wibmer1, Anele Mnguni1, Arshad Ismail1, Boitshoko Mahlangu1, Bronwen E. Lambson1,2, Simone I. Richardson1,2, Darren P. Martin5, Eduan Wilkinson,3,12, James Emmanuel San3, Jennifer Giandhari3, Nelia Manamela1,2, Noxolo Ntuli1, Prudence Kgagudi1,2, Sandile Cele7,13, Sureshnee Pillay3, Thabo Mohale1, Upasana Ramphal3, Yeshnee Naidoo3, Zamantungwa T. Khumalo1,15, Gaurav Kwatra9,22, Glenda Gray19, Linda-Gail Bekker20, Shabir A. Madhi9, Vicky Baillie9, Wesley C. Van Voorhis10, NGS-SA, Florette K. Treurnicht4,11, Marietjie Venter8, Koleka Mlisana4, Nicole Wolter1,11, Alex Sigal7,13,17, Carolyn Williamson5,4 21, Nei-yuan Hsiao5,4,21, Nokukhanya Msomi4,18, Tongai Maponga6, Wolfgang Preiser6,4, Zinhle Makatini4,11, Richard Lessells3,12, Penny L. Moore1,2,5,14, Tulio de Oliveira3,12, Anne von Gottberg1,11,16 and Jinal N. Bhiman*1,11

Affiliations: 1 National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; 2 SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; 3 KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 4 National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; 5Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 6Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; 7 Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; 8 Zoonotic arbo and Respiratory virus research programme, Department Medical Virology, University of Pretoria; 9South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; 10 Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Washington State, United States; 11Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; 12Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa; 13 School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 14 Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Discipline of Virology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; 15 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; 16Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 17 Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; 18Discipline of Virology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; 19South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa and 20Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; 21Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa ( CIDRI-Africa), Cape Town, South Africa and 22 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

Funding Statement
I.I.B. is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, COVID-19 Rapid Research Funding Opportunity (02179-000). K.K. is the founder of BlueDot, a social enterprise that develops digital technologies for public health. K.K., A.W., A.T.B. and C.H. are employed at BlueDot. I.I.B. has consulted for BlueDot. T.d.O. and the NGS-SA is funded by the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), MRC SHIP and the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa. N.R.F. acknowledges support from a Wellcome Trust and Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (204311/Z/16/Z) and a Medical Research Council-São Paulo Research Foundation CADDE partnership award (MR/S0195/1 and FAPESP 18/14389-0). VH was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [grant number BB/M010996/1]. M.U.G.K. acknowledges support from the Branco Weiss Fellowship and EU grant 874850 MOOD. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. O.G.P. , J.P.M. and M.U.G.K. acknowledge support from the Oxford Martin School. AR acknowledges the support of the Wellcome Trust (Collaborators Award 206298/Z/17/Z – ARTIC network) and the European Research Council (grant agreement no. 725422 – ReservoirDOCS). A.OT is supported by the Wellcome Trust Hosts, Pathogens & Global Health Programme [grant number: grant.203783/Z/16/Z] and Fast Grants [award number: 2236]. COG-UK is supported by funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) part of UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and Genome Research Limited, operating as the Wellcome Sanger Institute.TFS acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB900, EXC2155 RESIST). SeqCOVID-SPAIN is supported by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III COV0020/00140“. Article here: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.21262342v3

“SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma By Constantinos Kurt Wibmer, Frances Ayres, Tandile Hermanus, Mashudu Madzivhandila, Prudence Kgagudi, Brent Oosthuysen, Bronwen E. Lambson,
Tulio de Oliveira,
Marion Vermeulen,
Karin van der Berg, Theresa Rossouw, Michael Boswell, Veronica Ueckermann, Susan Meiring, Anne von Gottberg, Cheryl Cohen, Lynn Morris,
Jinal N. Bhiman,
Penny L. Moore
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.18.427166
“We acknowledge funding from the South African Medical Research Council (Reference numbers 96825, SHIPNCD 76756 and DST/CON 0250/2012), The Wellcome Trust (Grant no 221003/Z/20/Z),) United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Grant number 5 U01IP001048-05-00) and the ELMA South Africa Foundation (Grant number 20-ESA011). P.L.M. is supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 98341). C.K.W. is supported by Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R21TW011454 (This work is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health) as well as the FLAIR Fellowship program under award number FLR\R1\201782 (The FLAIR Fellowship Programme is a partnership between the African Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society funded by the UK Government’s Global Challenges Research Fund). KvdB is supported in part by the Fogarty International Centre or the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 1D43TW010345. We thank Drs Nicole Doria-Rose, David Montefiori, Elise Landais and Michael Farzan for reagents and assistance in establishing the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped neutralization assay and enabling equivalency and proficiency testing. We thank Drs Devin Sok, Elise Landais, Dennis Burton, Nicole Doria-Rose and Peter Kwong for SARS-Co-V-2 directed monoclonal antibodies. We are grateful to Thandeka Moyo-Gwete and Zanele Molaudzi for expressing monoclonal antibodies. We thank the informal 501Y.V2 consortium of South African scientists, chaired by Drs Willem Hanekom and Tulio de Oliveira for suggestions and discussion of data. We also thank all NGS-SA laboratories in South Africa that were responsible for producing the SARS-CoV-2 genomes that enabled the rapid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and the identification of 501Y.V2.” https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427166v2.full

“Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch Version 2. Wellcome Open Res. 2021; 6: 121.
Published online 2021 Sep 17. PMCID: PMC8176267
Other versions PMID: 34095513
Áine O’Toole, Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing,#a,1 Verity Hill, Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing,#1 Oliver G. Pybus, Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing,2 Alexander Watts, Data Curation, Resources, Visualization,3,4 Issac I. Bogoch, Data Curation, Resources, Visualization,5,6 Kamran Khan, Data Curation, Resources, Visualization,3,4,5 Jane P. Messina, Data Curation, Resources,7 The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Houriiyah Tegally, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources, Writing – Review & Editing,8 Richard R. Lessells, Data Curation, Resources,8 Jennifer Giandhari, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,8 Sureshnee Pillay, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,8 Kefentse Arnold Tumedi, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,9 Gape Nyepetsi, Data Curation, Resources,10 Malebogo Kebabonye, Resources,11 Maitshwarelo Matsheka, Resources, Supervision,9 Madisa Mine, Resources, Supervision,10 Sima Tokajian, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,12 Hamad Hassan, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,13 Tamara Salloum, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,12 Georgi Merhi, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,12 Jad Koweyes, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,12 Jemma L. Geoghegan, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,14,15 Joep de Ligt, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,15 Xiaoyun Ren, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,15 Matthew Storey, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,15 Nikki E. Freed, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,16 Chitra Pattabiraman, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,17 Pramada Prasad, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,17 Anita S. Desai, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,17 Ravi Vasanthapuram, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,17 Thomas F. Schulz, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,18 Lars Steinbrück, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,18 Tanja Stadler, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources, Supervision,19 Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium, Antonio Parisi, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,20 Angelica Bianco, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,20 Darío García de Viedma, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,21,22 Sergio Buenestado-Serrano, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,21 Vítor Borges, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,23 Joana Isidro, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,23 Sílvia Duarte, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,24 João Paulo Gomes, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,23 Neta S. Zuckerman, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,25 Michal Mandelboim, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,25 Orna Mor, Data Curation, Resources,25 Torsten Seemann, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,26 Alicia Arnott, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,27 Jenny Draper, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,27 Mailie Gall, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,27 William Rawlinson, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,28 Ira Deveson, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,29 Sanmarié Schlebusch, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,30 Jamie McMahon, Data Curation, Resources,30 Lex Leong, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,31 Chuan Kok Lim, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,31 Maria Chironna, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,32 Daniela Loconsole, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,32 Antonin Bal, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,33 Laurence Josset, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,33 Edward Holmes, Investigation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing,34 Kirsten St. George, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,35 Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,35 Reina S. Sikkema, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,36 Bas Oude Munnink, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,36 Marion Koopmans, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,36 Mia Brytting, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,37 V. Sudha rani, Data Curation, Resources,38 S. Pavani, Data Curation, Resources,38 Teemu Smura, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,39 Albert Heim, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,18 Satu Kurkela, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,40 Massab Umair, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,41 Muhammad Salman, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,41 Barbara Bartolini, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,42 Martina Rueca, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,42 Christian Drosten, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,43 Thorsten Wolff, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,44 Olin Silander, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,16 Dirk Eggink, Data Curation, Resources,45 Chantal Reusken, Data Curation, Resources,45 Harry Vennema, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,45 Aekyung Park, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,46 Christine Carrington, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,47 Nikita Sahadeo, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,47 Michael Carr, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,48 Gabo Gonzalez, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,48 SEARCH Alliance San Diego, National Virus Reference Laboratory, SeqCOVID-Spain, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC), Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN), Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program, Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA), Tulio de Oliveira, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Resources,8 Nuno Faria, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Resources,2,49 Andrew Rambaut, Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing,1 and Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editingb,2
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer
1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
2Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
3Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
4BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
5Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
6Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
7Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
9Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
10National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
11Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
12Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
13Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
14Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
15Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
16School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
17Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
18Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
19Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
20Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
21Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
22CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
23Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
24Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
25Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
26Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
27New South Wales Health Pathology – Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
28New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
29Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
30Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
31South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
32Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
33Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
34University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
35Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
36ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
37The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
38Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
39Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
40HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
41Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
42National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
43Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
44Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
45WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
46Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
47University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
48National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
49Imperial College London, London, UK
#Contributed equally.
a ‮ku.ca.de@elooto.enia‬
b ‮ku.ca.xo.ooz@remeark.ztirom‬
#Full list of consortium names and affiliations are in the Supplementary Materials
A.OT., O.G.P., J.P.M., N.R.F., A.R., M.U.G.K. conceived the study. A.OT, V.H., M.U.G.K. O.G.P., A.R. wrote the first draft. A.OT, V.H., M.U.G.K., A.R., AW, conducted data analysis. S.T., T.Salloum, G.M., J.K., J.G., J.d.L., X.R., M.S, N.Freed, C.P., P.P., A.D., R.V., T.F.S., L.S., T.Stadler, A.P., A.B., D.G.d.V., S.B-S., V.B., J.I., S.D., J.P.G., N.Z., M.M., O.M., T.Seemann, N.S., B.H., M.Sait, A.A., J.D., M.G., W.R., I.D., S.S., J.M., L.L., C.K.L., M.C., D.L., A.B., L.J., K.S.G., E.L-N., R.S., B.M., M.Koopmans, M.B., V.S.R., S.P., T.Smura, A.H., S.K., M.U., M.Salman, B.B., M.R., C.D., T.W., O.S., D.E., C.R., H.V., A.P. contributed to the genomic dataset and facilitated data and sample availability. All authors interpreted the data and contributed to writing.
No competing interests were disclosed.
Funding Statement
I.I.B. is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, COVID-19 Rapid Research Funding Opportunity (02179-000). K.K. is the founder of BlueDot, a social enterprise that develops digital technologies for public health. K.K., A.W., A.T.B. and C.H. are employed at BlueDot. I.I.B. has consulted for BlueDot. T.d.O. and the NGS-SA is funded by the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), MRC SHIP and the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa. N.R.F. acknowledges support from a Wellcome Trust and Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (204311/Z/16/Z) and a Medical Research Council-São Paulo Research Foundation CADDE partnership award (MR/S0195/1 and FAPESP 18/14389-0). VH was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [grant number BB/M010996/1]. M.U.G.K. acknowledges support from the Branco Weiss Fellowship and EU grant 874850 MOOD. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. O.G.P. , J.P.M. and M.U.G.K. acknowledge support from the Oxford Martin School. AR acknowledges the support of the Wellcome Trust (Collaborators Award 206298/Z/17/Z – ARTIC network) and the European Research Council (grant agreement no. 725422 – ReservoirDOCS). A.OT is supported by the Wellcome Trust Hosts, Pathogens & Global Health Programme [grant number: grant.203783/Z/16/Z] and Fast Grants [award number: 2236]. COG-UK is supported by funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) part of UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and Genome Research Limited, operating as the Wellcome Sanger Institute.TFS acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB900, EXC2155 RESIST). SeqCOVID-SPAIN is supported by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III COV0020/00140.”
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8176267/

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